Author: ResearchGate

Abstract: »This study addresses sexual violence (SV) and the gestational context, as well as abortion provided by law in these situations, considered a public health demand. The objective of the study is to analyze sexual violence against pregnant people and the factors associated with abortion provided by law in the regions of Brazil between 2016 and 2022, with notifications data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of the Ministry of Health (MS). The study is quantitative, cross-sectional, and retrospective in nature, based on secondary data and variables from SINAN/MS notifications, made available by the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Brazil recorded a total of 105,202 cases of violence against pregnant people, 32.6% by SV (n=34,355). Data stratification was performed by age groups, with the variables highlighted from the notifications: pregnant people in situations of SV; characteristics of the SV; health procedures performed; probable perpetrators of the SV. Proportion (%) of the variables, using the Stata® 14.0 program, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The results show that black children and adolescents (70.8%) and single people (76.2%) were the most affected. The highest proportions were in the Northeast (28.3%) and North (27.9%) regions. Children and adolescents suffered more repeated SV (72.2% and 58.2%). Such violence occurred mostly in the home or housing (72.9%), mainly among children and adolescents (90.9% and 74.7%). Intimate partner violence (IPV) was related in 53.5% of the reports. The most performed health procedure was blood collection (47.4%), referrals to other health services (81.1%) and to the Guardianship Council (32.7%). The possible factors associated with abortion provided for by law in cases of sexual assault were measured using the abortion procedure as the outcome variable, and the independent variables were those of the SINAN items and criteria: pregnant people, sexual assault situations, perpetrators, and referrals. Descriptive statistics were performed using simple frequency and proportion (%), stratified by age group. Bivariate analysis, associating the independent variables and outcome, and multivariate logistic regression, with the entry of variables through the hierarchical model, estimated the measure of effect (OR). The final model included predictors with p-values <0.05. 13.9% of the total notifications of sexual assault and pregnancy during the period referred to abortion. The people who underwent the procedure were on average 25.3 years old, with a higher proportion between 20 and 29 years old (46.6%), black (54.9%), in the first trimester of pregnancy (83.4%), single (81.8%), between 9 and 11 years of schooling (44.8%), and from the Southeast (32.9%). People between 10 and 14 years old had a history of sexual assault in 60.8%. Children and adolescents are more exposed to sexual assault. However, the chance of accessing abortion as provided by law increases as the age group increases, among black people, those with higher levels of education, in the first trimester of pregnancy, and those who were assaulted by strangers. Specialized care, cross-cutting political action, and gender plurality in institutional structures are needed to combat symbolic violence and prevent sexual assault, especially against younger people. The impacts on health, both individual and social, are a reflection of access to abortion, which must be expanded.« (Source: Thesis)

Contents:

	Agradecimentos (p. 6)
	Resumo (p. 8)
	Abstract (p. 9)
	Lista de quadros (p. 10)
	Lista de tabelas (p. 11)
	Lista de abreviaturas e siglas (p. 12)
	Apresentação (p. 15)
	1 Introdução (p. 16)
		1.1 Objetivos (p. 19)
			1.1.1 Objetivo geral (p. 19)
			1.1.2 Objetivos específicos (p. 19)
	2 Revisão de literatura (p. 20)
		2.1 Violências contra mulheres: questão de gênero (p. 20)
			2.1.1 Definições de violências sexuais (p. 20)
			2.1.2 Gênero e violências (p. 24)
			2.1.3 Políticas públicas de enfrentamento às violências sexuais (p. 29)
				2.1.3.1 Atenção à saúde em situações de aborto previsto em lei (p. 33)
					2.1.3.1.1 Aborto e contracepção ao longo da história (p. 33)
					2.1.3.1.2 Aparato normativo do aborto previsto em lei no Brasil (p. 34)
					2.1.3.1.3 Acesso (im)possível: não efetivação dos direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos (p. 38)
					2.1.3.1.4 Atenção ao aborto na realidade mundial e brasileira: alguns dados (p. 41)
		2.2 Violências sexuais e gestação (p. 43)
			2.2.1 Panorama das violências contra as mulheres no mundo e no Brasil (p. 44)
				2.2.1.1 Prevalências das violências sexuais relacionadas à gestação (p. 46)
					2.2.1.1.1 Ásia (p. 47)
					2.2.1.1.2 África (p. 48)
					2.2.1.1.3 Europa (p. 49)
					2.2.1.1.4 América Latina (p. 49)
			2.2.2 Fatores associados às violências sexuais e gestação (p. 50)
				2.2.2.1 Fatores sociofamiliares (p. 52)
				2.2.2.2 Saúde mental (p. 53)
				2.2.2.3 Saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva (p. 54)
			2.2.3 Autores das violências sexuais relacionadas à gestação (p. 55)
				2.2.3.1 Masculinidades na formação social (p. 56)
				2.2.3.2 Relações desiguais de gênero condicionam violências de gênero (p. 56)
				2.2.3.3 As violências sexuais e suas autorias (p. 58)
				2.2.3.4 Dados das autorias das violências contra mulheres (p. 59)
				2.2.3.5 Violências sexuais relacionadas à gestação como violência por parceiro íntimo (p. 61))
				2.2.3.6 Ações direcionadas aos autores de violências como meio de enfrentamento (p. 62)
	3 Metodologia (p. 63)
		3.1 Desenho do estudo (p. 63)
		3.2 Local do estudo (p. 63)
		3.3 População do estudo (p. 64)
		3.4 Variáveis do estudo (p. 65)
		3.5 Seleção de dados (p. 68)
		3.6 Análise de dados (p. 69)
		3.7 Limitações (p. 70)
		3.8 Questões éticas (p. 71)
	4 Resultados (p. 72)
		4.1 Artigo 1 – Características das violências sexuais contra gestantes notificadas por serviços de saúde: estudo transversal, Brasil, 2016-2022 (p. 73)
		4.2 Artigo 2 – Características e fatores associados ao aborto previsto em lei em situações de violência sexual: estudo transversal com dados do SINAN, Brasil, 2016-2022 (p. 89)
	5 Concluão (p. 106)
	Referências (p. 109)
	Anexo A – Ficha de notificacão SINAN - 2015 – Frente (p. 124)
	Anexo B – FIicha de notificacão SINAN - 2015 - Verso (p. 125)

Wikipedia: History of the Americas: History of Brazil / History of Brazil (1985–present) | Sex and the law: Rape / Rape in Brazil